CALICUT TAKES TO BASKETBALL: Part 3 From Players to Pioneers: The People Who Built Kozhikode Basketball

Women Who Changed the Game

Kozhikode’s basketball story would be incomplete without recognising the role of women. Their rise added a luminous dimension to the district’s sporting heritage. The journey began in 1967 on a mud court at St. Joseph’s European Anglo‑Indian School, where physical education teacher Betty Hebber pioneered basketball for girls. Soon, Providence Girls’ High School, St. Michael’s Girls’ School, Silver Hills Higher Secondary, and other institutions joined the movement.

Early players who rose to State, national, and international levels included Asha Rita Simcock, Vineesha Simcock, Susan Philip, Sherly, Neena Prabhu, Remany Pothan, Sheela Menon, Baby Ratnam, and Asha Latha Pramodh. Most represented The Feasto Club, from which they soared to greater heights.

Asha Rita Simcock became the first woman from Kozhikode to represent Kerala abroad, competing in Colombo in 1977 at the 3rd Invitation League Cager Tournament. Their achievements proved that basketball’s growth in the district was never confined to men alone.

The Club Movement

Basketball’s growth in Kozhikode was not limited to schools and colleges. From the inception of the District League Championships, club teams became vital to the competitive structure, bringing together players from different places and offering opportunities beyond the educational system.

Among them, one club stood out: The Feasto Club. It established an exceptional record of sustained success and became a nursery for players, officials, coaches, and organisers who went on to serve basketball at State and national levels. Over time, Feasto earned a reputation as one of the leading basketball centres in this part of the country.

From Pioneer Coaches to Professionals

Behind Kozhikode’s achievements stood a long line of coaches. Among the earliest were Mumtazul Haq of Andhra Pradesh and Renjan Chatterjee of Calcutta. They were followed by K. N. K. Nair, K. S. Nair, Venugopal, L. S. Prabhaker, Mathew D’Cruz, O. N. Nambiar, V. K. Sukumaran, Shoukathali, Raju P. Antony, Joseph, Thomas, the late Subramanyan C., Sreejith S., K. V. Jayanth, Johnson Joseph, Sudheer P., K. B. Muralidharan, Akshit Kumar, Jithesh, Nandan Menon, Remesh G., and others.The tradition continues. 

Harikrishnan T. S., became the first FIBA Level 2 coach from the district. From the younger generation, Athul Krishnan qualified as a FIBA Level 2 Strength and Conditioning coach and is a certified trainer with the Australian Strength & Conditioning Association. He has served with both the senior Indian men’s team and the U‑18 national team. 

Much of their work remained away from the limelight, yet it was the coaches who transformed raw enthusiasm into skill and potential into performance. Their influence was seen not in a single trophy, but in players who returned stronger year after year.

Referees and Technical Officials: Beyond Boundaries

Referees form the quiet backbone of basketball, and Kozhikode’s contribution has been notable. Prof. Viswanathan was the first BFI referee from the district. Others who served as BFI referees include Prof. K. M. Ramachandran Nair, Balachandran, P. K. Gangadharan, J. A. Majeed, Ratheesh Kumar M., M. A. Devadasan, C. Subramaniyan, C. Sasidharan, Sudheer P., Jinto Thomas, and Rev. Fr. Bony Agustin. The present active BFI referees are Dr. Vishnu Shaji, Akshit Kumar, Athul Krishnan, and Sreejith P.

At the national level, Kozhikode’s technical officials gained prominence. Prof. P. P. Devassy served as Chairman of the Technical Commission of the Basketball Federation of India and was also a FIBA referee. K. S. Nair, another FIBA referee, contributed as a coach. K. M. Ramachandran Nair and J. A. Majeed passed the FIBA referees’ examination, though they did not subsequently enter the FIBA panel.

Carrying the Game Beyond Kozhikode

Over the decades, the list of Kozhikode administrators who served basketball at State and national levels grew longer. Dr. C. B. C. Warrier served the State Association as President and Patron, while J. A. Majeed served as State Treasurer. C. Sasidharan served as State General Secretary and was elected an Executive Member of the Basketball Federation of India in 2023. According to the Association's account, he also served as Manager and Head of Delegation of the Indian contingent during the FIBA Asia Cup Qualifiers in Bahrain in 2025.

Late Prof. N. V. Ashokan served as Vice President of the Kerala Basketball Association, while C. P. Sreedharan, T. P. Antony and M. K. Premanand held the posts of Associate Secretaries. P. K. Gangadharan and K. S. Nair served for several years as Referees Board Chairman and Convener respectively. Jaffer was nominated as an Executive Member of the Association, further strengthening Kozhikode’s presence in its leadership.

Their careers demonstrate how a sport that began in school and college courts could eventually carry the names of Kozhikode's men and women into State, national and international arenas.

More Than Trophies

The true measure of Kozhikode’s basketball lies not in trophies but in continuity, from
the first institutional courts of the 1920s, through the District Association, to generations of coaches, referees, administrators, and players. Courts multiplied, competitions grew regular, women and men carved pathways, referees and coaches reached national and international levels, and countless young players discovered basketball as a route to discipline, friendship, and excellence.
Kozhikode did not merely adopt basketball; it built a culture. Born in quiet school courts, that culture grew through leagues, tournaments, open grounds, and floodlit evenings. It survived dormancy, gathered strength through committed individuals, and became one of Kerala’s enduring sporting chapters.

The story that began in the early courts of Kozhikode is not finished. The next chapter is waiting to be written.

References

1. Local sports magazines and commemorative publications relating to the development of basketball in Calicut/Kozhikode.
2. Personal interview with Sasidharan C, former Secretary of the Kozhikode District Basketball Association and current Executive Member of the Basketball Federation of India.
3. Interviews with local sports historians, and veteran basketball personalities, conducted by the author.

Coming up next: SUNDAY FIELD & FLAME – 13th September 2026 From Royal Hall To Sporting Arena The Story of Thoonilla Kottaram at Shanghumugham

CALICUT TAKES TO BASKETBALL, Part 2: The Rise of Organised Basketball in Kozhikode

The formation of the Kozhikode District Basketball Association in 1956 marked a new chapter in the game’s history. Prof. K. A. Jaleel became its first President, with K. T. Madhavan Nambiar as Secretary. With the association in place, the pioneering phase gave way to organised competition, systematic development, and a wider sporting vision.

Progress followed quickly. In 1959, Kozhikode hosted the State Basketball Championship at the Polytechnic Ground, West Hill, the first ever held in the district. This landmark occasion established Kozhikode as a serious centre of basketball and showcased its growing culture to a wider audience.

Two men were central to that achievement. P. K. Sukumaran Nair, an Assistant Engineer in the Public Works Department, combined his skill as a player with organisational ability. Alongside him, V. K. N. Menon, lecturer in Physical Education at the Polytechnic, helped bring the championship to West Hill. Their efforts demonstrated the district’s growing organisational strength and began a tradition of hosting major competitions.

The Birth of the Kozhikode District League

What the district needed next was regular play. That came in 1964 with the establishment of the District Basketball League. Regular competition gave players continuity, helped teams develop, and offered spectators a rhythm to follow.

Prof. P. P. Devassy, Principal of the Physical Education College, played a defining role in this phase. Remembered with deep affection, he became a mentor and guiding light, combining knowledge with vision. Alongside him stood Dr. C. B. C. Warrier, Professor of Medicine at Kozhikode Medical College, a true sportsman with a vibrant personality. A former Kerala University player, he also displayed his seasoned skills to basketball enthusiasts, representing Calicut Medical College in the Kozhikode District League Championships during its early years. Their combined leadership, together with that of T. P. Antony and C. P. Sreedharan, both physical education teachers, helped basketball take deeper root and created an environment where competition, coaching, and organisation grew together. From these beginnings, basketball tournaments gave the city its sporting pulse.

A District That Hosted the Best

Kozhikode steadily built a distinguished record of organising basketball competitions at the State, Zonal, National, and even International levels. What began with the State Championship of 1959 grew into a proud tradition of hosting major events over the decades.

A defining moment came in 1975, when the South Zone Championship at Mananchira Maidan saw Kerala lift the cup for the first time, defeating a formidable Madras side in the decisive league match. Stars such as Mohammad Iqbal, Cheriyan Oomen, K. K. Kochukuttan, M. M. Chacko, Raju Jacob, Thomas Varghese, and Om Kumar led the charge before massive crowds. Their triumph, coupled with the tournament’s commercial success, firmly established Kozhikode’s ability to stage major events and opened the way for greater fixtures in the years ahead.

Among those was the Senior National Basketball Championship for the Todd and Prince Basalt Jah Cup in 1983-84, hosted by Kozhikode. Dr. C. B. C. Warrier was the successful architect behind this national championship. Bringing an event of this stature reflected the district’s rising organisational standing in Indian basketball. The championship was historic for another reason: it inaugurated the newly built Indoor Stadium in Kozhikode. The occasion was further enriched by the friendly visit of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) basketball team from the United States, adding an international dimension to an already landmark moment.

The district also hosted numerous State‑level competitions: the Kerala Senior Championships in 1959, 1965, 1973, 1980, 1985, 1989, and 1997; the Junior State Championships in 2004-05 and 2013-14; the Youth State Championships in 2006-07 and 2012-13; the 3x3 Junior State Championship in 2012-13; and the South Zone Junior National Championship in 2022.

Tournaments That Enriched the Sporting Calendar

Alongside official championships, independent tournaments gave Kozhikode a richer sporting calendar. The M.C.C. Basketball Tournament, launched under Chemistry Professor Subramanian of Malabar Christian College, himself an accomplished player and outstanding football goalkeeper, was a milestone. Held for five years until 1975, mostly as an inter-collegiate competition and once as an All-India event, it quickly became one of North Kerala’s most awaited fixtures. Its maiden year featured fierce rivalry between Baselios College, Kottayam, and St. Albert’s College, Ernakulam, while Calicut fans thrilled to the skills of Mohammad Iqbal, Prince Chandy, Haali Itty Ipe, Moncy, Firoz, Cherian Mathew, and others. Floodlights later added drama, drawing large crowds to the fast-paced, close-quarters spectacle of basketball.

The Cissy Memorial All-India Basketball Tournament, held at Mananchira Maidan from 1971 to 1980, brought another vibrant pulse to the city. Crowds gathered under floodlit skies to watch leading Indian players of the era, including Gulam Abbas Moontasir and Sunil Kumar Panda. The trophy, instituted by Dr. P. K. Jose of St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri, honoured his late wife and became part of Kozhikode’s lasting sporting memory.

From 1981, The Feasto All-India Inter-College Tournament, organised by Feasto Club members, carried the sport beyond individual institutions into the wider life of the city. Ten editions were staged, and many participants later rose as officials, organisers, and coaches across India.

From 2016, Feasto began hosting All-India Basketball Tournaments for clubs and institutions, which have since grown into major fixtures on the national calendar. The grand 2026 Golden Jubilee edition added another golden page to the club’s history.

Inter-School Tournaments Became Vital Nurseries

In the early 1970s, the G. C. Prabhu Inter-School Tournament for girls at Mananchira Maidan offered a fresh stage for young talent. After a lull of 25 years, the 1990s welcomed the St. Michael’s Girls Inter-School Tournament, which still endures. Since 2006, Silver Hills School has hosted a major boys’ and girls’ tournament for the Silver Hills Trophy, while from 2015 the Kalyan Kendra Inter-School Trophy, organised by the Basketball Lovers Association Kozhikode (BLAK) at Mananchira, steadily grew in stature. Today, Silver Hills and BLAK invite strong schools from across South India, while several other schools host their own contests, keeping the flame alive. This institutional network gave Kozhikode basketball a strength beyond championships. 

A school court became the first stage for a young player; a college team the next step; a club tournament the proving ground; and the district association the framework through which talent could rise further.

Thus, tournament after tournament, basketball deepened its roots in Kozhikode’s sporting life.

Institutions: The Nursery of Talent

From the outset, Kozhikode’s educational institutions played a vital role in promoting basketball. Colleges such as St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri, Providence Women’s College, and the Regional Engineering College (now NIT) entered district league championships, instilling confidence in young players and preparing them for higher levels. Sports hostels and quotas attracted talent from across Kerala, while the establishment of the University of Calicut in 1968 raised the standard of inter-collegiate competition.

The story soon reached the national school stage. Pramodh Govind and Thomas P. Oomen both from St. Joseph's Boys High School were the earliest Kozhikode players to represent the Indian Schools’ Boys Team. Later, Abbey Joseph and Praveen M., both from Feasto, played for Rest of India, milestones that marked the district’s emergence as a producer of talent beyond Kerala. P. S. Abdul Majeed, whose family roots lay in Kozhikode, played for Junior India during his college days at Ernakulam. He later pursued professional studies at NIT Calicut and became a regular player for Feasto.

References

1. Local sports magazines and commemorative publications relating to the development of basketball in Calicut/Kozhikode.
2. Interviews with local sports historians, and veteran basketball personalities, conducted by the author.

Coming up next: SUNDAY FIELD & FLAME on 06th September 2026: Calicut takes to Basketball, Part 3: From Players to Pioneers: The People Who Built Kozhikode Basketball

CALICUT TAKES TO BASKETBALL, Part 1: From the First Courts to the Formation of the KDBA

Malabar Christian College, Calicut the
winning team of 1937

Basketball is a game of heart-pounding thrills, split-second action and fortunes that can change within seconds. It soon attracted attention wherever it was introduced. By the early decades of the twentieth century, it had reached India, carried by the Young Men's Christian Association, whose leaders saw games not merely as recreation but as instruments of teamwork and character.

Kerala's tryst with basketball began under this influence. In 1926, the YMCA laid down what is generally remembered as the state's first basketball court at Kottayam, marking an important early milestone in the game's history in Kerala. Many seminary leaders and Christian educators, particularly in South Kerala, were closely associated with the YMCA movement, and their emphasis on physical education helped basketball find an early place in schools and colleges.

Within a couple of years, the game reached Kozhikode and found two of its early institutional homes in Malabar Christian College and Zamorin's College, now known as Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College. From these two centres, the story of basketball in Kozhikode began. 

According to old accounts, a basketball court emerged at Malabar Christian College around 1929 - 31, towards the later part of the career of T. P. Joseph, the college's first Physical Education Director. A mud court was built, providing the setting in which the new game could begin to take root.

It was in late 1931 that P. C. Mathew, better remembered as Mathew Master, took over as Physical Director and became the foremost figure in nurturing the new sport at the institution. His contribution went beyond coaching players. After returning from his studies at the YMCA College of Physical Education in Madras, he brought with him two leather basketballs, a rule book, two tennis racquets and tennis balls. These simple pieces of equipment, carried back from Madras, became part of a much larger change in the sporting culture of the college and, in time, in Malabar itself. 

Zamorin's College also developed its own basketball tradition by building its own basketball court in a couple of years, with its Physical Director, Sankunni Kurup, providing leadership there. Malabar Christian College and Zamorin's College emerged as the principal rivals, giving the game a competitive character in the city. Under their guidance, basketball began to acquire a firm footing and to shape a generation of young players. Among the earliest basketball players of Kozhikode were T. Vasu, later associated with Rajendra Bank, C. Satyendranath Thiruvangadem, and P. C. Mathew himself of MCC, who laid the foundation of the game in the city. An old account also recalls a player known as Paasha, suggesting that the game’s early following extended beyond the better-known names preserved in later records.

Basketball’s competitive roots in Kozhikode can be traced to the West Coast Tournaments, the city’s early inter-school and inter-institutional sporting festivals. First staged in 1909 with football, hockey, and athletics, the meet broadened its scope in the 1930s to include basketball, thereby creating a vital competitive platform for the game in Malabar. It was through these meets that players from MCC, Zamorin’s and other institutions first tested themselves beyond college grounds, and the rivalry between them gave basketball much of its early energy and public interest. By drawing students and athletic teams from across the region and neighbouring districts, these meets helped nurture a sporting public and gave Kozhikode its first structured stage for organised basketball.  

Among the institutions that regularly featured were Stanes Anglo Indian School, Coimbatore; Victoria College, Palakkad; Malabar Christian College; Zamorin’s College, Calicut; BEM School, Thalassery; Brennan College, Kannur; and St. Aloysius College, Mangalore.

Towards the end of the 1940s, Malabar Christian College produced an outstanding basketball talent in Muchingal Moideen Koya. Though he later served in the Panchayat Department, he is remembered above all as one of Kozhikode’s most admired players. An interesting episode from this period is recorded in an old historical account. In the aftermath of the Second World War, many American troops, Red Cross workers and Merchant Navy personnel faced long waits in India for ships to take them home. During this demobilisation, American military and civilian organisations, including the YMCA, arranged recreational activities and sporting encounters across the country. It was in this setting, according to the account, that an American basketball team visited Kozhikode and played a match.

Moideen Koya reportedly won the admiration of the visiting Americans and became their favourite player. The details remain unverified, but the episode endures as a cherished local anecdote. Yet it offers an evocative glimpse of the confidence local players were beginning to acquire, and the excitement that basketball could generate in the city.

Balaraj of St. Joseph's High School was another player remembered from the period. Yet the game still had a long way to go before it could become a truly popular sport in Kozhikode. The presence of one or two gifted players could not, by itself, carry basketball beyond the institutions where it had taken root. It needed regular competition, wider participation, organised coaching and, above all, a structure capable of bringing players and teams together. 

By the early 1950s, basketball in Kozhikode had travelled a considerable distance from its modest beginnings. It had moved from the experimental courts of a few educational institutions towards a wider sporting community. The pioneers had demonstrated that the game could survive and grow; the next requirement was organisation.

The need for such an organisation became increasingly apparent. The scattered efforts of schools, colleges and individual enthusiasts needed to be brought together under a district body capable of coordinating competitions and promoting the game more systematically. In 1956, the year that also saw the birth of the unified state of Kerala, this crucial step was taken in Kozhikode.

The initiative to form the Kozhikode District Basketball Association came from four individuals: Late Prof. P. P. Devassy, Principal of the Physical Education College, Kozhikode; Late K. T. Madhavan Nambiar, Physical Education Teacher of Zamorins College; Late T. P. Antony, Physical Education Teacher of St. Joseph's Boys High School; and Late C. P. Sreedharan, Physical Education Teacher of Ganapath High School. Their effort marked a decisive transition in the history of the game.

Basketball was no longer simply an activity nurtured by individual institutions and enthusiasts; it now had a district-level organisation to guide its future.

References

1. Kerala Basketball Association Souvenir, History of Basketball.
2. Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode, institutional records, College Magazines.
3. Zamorin’s College, Kozhikode institutional records, College Magazines.
4. Local sports magazines and commemorative publications relating to the development of basketball in Calicut/Kozhikode.
5. Interviews with local sports historians and veteran basketball personalities, conducted by the author.

Coming up next: SUNDAY FIELD & FLAME – 30th August 2026 Calicut takes to Basketball, Part 2: The Rise of Organised Basketball in Kozhikode

PAID TO PLAY

How Self-Funded Soldiers Built the Foundations of Modern Sports in Malabar

When the British military established its outposts across the Indian subcontinent, it brought with it a culture of organized games - cricket, football, hockey, tennis, golf, badminton and athletics, not merely for recreation but as an integral part of military life. During the early decades of colonial rule these sports remained largely confined to European officers and soldiers, serving as a familiar pastime in an unfamiliar land. Participation by Indians was initially limited, although this gradually changed as military competitions began attracting local spectators and, in time, selected civilian participants.

A significant turning point came with the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India (1863). Its report identified the high incidence of illness among European troops as being closely linked to inactivity and the lack of wholesome recreation. Physical exercise and organized games were therefore recommended as essential to the health and efficiency of the soldier. Several decades later, Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, after assuming office as Commander-in-Chief in India, strengthened this policy by encouraging regular outdoor games and inter regimental competitions, making organized sport an important feature of cantonment life.

Less widely appreciated, however, is the financial system that sustained these sporting activities. In many British Indian Army regiments, the routine expenses of games were met not from ordinary government military expenditure but from non-public regimental funds. These funds were built primarily through regular subscriptions or salary deductions from soldiers, supplemented by profits from regimental canteens and recreation institutes. Cricket bats, footballs, hockey sticks, athletic equipment and other sporting necessities were commonly purchased from these collective funds, enabling many cantonments to maintain an active sporting life with limited reliance on government finances.

The administration of these activities generally rested with the Gymkhana Committee, headed by the Garrison Commandant and senior station officers. While primarily a military administrative body, such committees functioned as some of the earliest organized sporting institutions in Malabar. They arranged tournaments, maintained playing fields, supervised equipment, and framed the regulations governing inter regimental competitions. As organized sport expanded, some of these events gradually opened their doors to invited civilian teams, helping to spread modern games beyond military circles.

The Imperial Ledger: Public Funds and Regimental Recreation

Colonial financial regulations maintained a clear distinction between public funds and non-public regimental funds. Government expenditure was primarily intended for military necessities such as arms, ammunition, transport, uniforms and barrack maintenance. Recreational activities generally fell outside these categories and were therefore supported through regimental welfare and recreation accounts.
In many units, soldiers made regular contributions from their pay towards these funds. Additional income often came from regimental canteens and institutes, whose profits were redirected into welfare and recreational activities. Through this collective system, the men themselves helped finance much of the sporting life of the cantonment.

Military Outposts Along the Malabar Coast

Cannanore Cantonment (Burnassery)
As the principal British military station on the Malabar coast, Cannanore accommodated a succession of British and Indian regiments. Sports formed an important part of cantonment life, with games conducted on the Burnassery parade grounds and around St. Angelo Fort. Contemporary military standing orders indicate that commanders exercised oversight over regimental recreation funds and ensured that these non-public accounts remained financially sound for the maintenance of sporting activities and equipment.

West Hill Barracks, Court Maidan and Mananchira (Kozhikode)
A similar pattern prevailed at West Hill Barracks in Kozhikode, which over different periods housed units such as the Somerset Light Infantry, the Dorset Regiment and the Lancashire Fusiliers. Military records of the Madras Presidency generally maintained the principle that sporting expenditure should be met from regimental resources rather than ordinary government grants.

Matches were played on the West Hill grounds and frequently at the Court Maidan and the historic Mananchira Maidan, which gradually emerged as important centres for cricket, football and hockey in Calicut. The regular presence of military teams helped establish these grounds as focal points of organized sport, drawing increasing numbers of local spectators and contributing significantly to the spread of modern games in Malabar.

The Police Transition: The Malabar Special Police

The establishment of the Malabar Special Police (MSP) in 1921 introduced a similar organizational pattern into the armed police. Police standing orders provided for welfare and recreation funds maintained through internal contributions and other approved sources. These funds supported sporting activities, equipment and team travel, allowing the MSP to develop one of the most successful football traditions in South India.

Although government support existed for the police establishment itself, much of the day-to-day sporting expenditure continued to be met through internal welfare arrangements, reflecting practices that had long existed within the British Indian Army.

Legacy: From Regimental Funds to Civilian Clubs

The influence of this subscription based system extended well beyond military barracks. As football, hockey and cricket gained popularity across Malabar during the early twentieth century, many emerging civilian clubs adopted similar financial practices, collecting monthly membership subscriptions to purchase equipment and maintain playing grounds. While schools, missionary institutions, the YMCA and municipal bodies also played important roles in the spread of organized sport, the regimental model offered an effective example of community supported sporting administration.

Following the formation of the State of Kerala in 1956, organized police sports continued to be supported through structured welfare and sports funds, preserving elements of a tradition that had evolved over many decades.

The history of cantonment sports therefore tells a larger story. What began as a military response to concerns over soldiers' health gradually evolved into a practical model of sporting administration based on collective responsibility. Long before corporate sponsorships and government grants became commonplace, many of the organized games played across the maidans of Malabar were sustained through the shared contributions of the very men who took the field. In that sense, the foundations of modern sport in the region were built not only on discipline and competition, but also on a remarkable tradition of self help and collective endeavour.

References

1. Report of the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India (1863). (Public domain)
2. ​Kitchener Army Reform Papers (1902–1909): Directives on Regimental Sports and Troop Fitness. India Office Records (IOR/L/MIL), British Library.
3. ​Government of Madras, Military Department Proceedings (1880–1920): Finance & Non-Public Funds Administration. 
4. ​Standing Orders for the Garrison of Cannanore: Regulations on Gymkhana Committees & Recreation Funds. 
5. Ramachandra Guha. A Corner of a Foreign Field (2002)
6. J. A. Mangan. The Games Ethic and Imperialism (1986).
7. William Logan. Malabar Manual (1887).
8. Travancore State Manual by V. Nagam Aiya (1906).

Coming up next: SUNDAY FIELD & FLAME – 16th August 2026 FROM PARADE GROUNDS TO ATHLETIC ARENAS - How Malabar Laid the Foundations of Kerala Athletics